The Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development was made public on Tuesday. 

　　  

　　The document was adopted at the fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee on Oct. 23. 

　　  

　　Please see the attachment for the English translation of the full text of this document: 

　　  

　　  

Recommendations of the Central Committee of 

the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for 

National Economic and Social Development 

　　  

(Adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 23, 2025) 

　　  

　　The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has laid out the following recommendations for formulating the 15th five-year plan for national economic and social development (2026–2030) at this fourth plenary session, based on an in-depth analysis of the international and domestic landscapes. 

　　  

I．The 15th Five-Year Plan Period as a Critical Stage for Basically Realizing Socialist Modernization 

　　  

　　1. China’s major development achievements in the 14th Five-Year Plan period 

　　  

　　The 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) has covered a momentous and extraordinary period in China’s development. In the face of a complicated international landscape and the challenging domestic tasks of advancing reform, promoting development, and ensuring stability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united the entire Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in meeting difficulties head-on and forging ahead with determination. This has allowed us to withstand the severe shocks from the once-in-a-century Covid-19 pandemic, respond effectively to a raft of major risks and challenges, and secure significant new achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. 

　　  

　　Over the past five years, we have maintained steady economic growth and made solid headway in pursuing high-quality development. We have seen fruitful advances in scientific and technological innovation and steady progress in fostering new quality productive forces. Reform has been further deepened across the board, and high-standard opening up has continuously expanded. We have made substantial progress in developing whole-process people’s democracy and advanced law-based governance on all fronts to good effect. Cultural programs and industries have flourished, and people have enjoyed a wide range of cultural and intellectual products. Support for the public wellbeing has been reinforced, and our achievements in poverty alleviation have been consolidated and expanded. As the green and low-carbon transition has picked up pace, the environment has continued to improve. We have increased our capacity to safeguard national security, enhanced social governance, and maintained overall social stability. Major headway has been made in strengthening national defense and military development. The policy of One Country, Two Systems has been further advanced in practice. Progress has been secured on all fronts of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Impressive results have been achieved in the Party’s full and rigorous self-governance, and the fight against corruption has been stepped up. Our Party’s creativity, cohesion, and ability have all been markedly increased. With China reaching new heights in economic strength, scientific and technological ability, and composite national strength, we have made solid new strides in advancing Chinese modernization and gotten off to a good start on our new journey toward the Second Centenary Goal. 

　　  

　　We owe all these remarkable achievements to the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, which has been at the helm charting the course, and to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, which has provided sound guidance to advance our cause. 

　　  

　　2. The 15th Five-Year Plan period as a critical stage in building on past successes to break new ground for basically realizing socialist modernization 

　　  

　　Socialist modernization can only be realized through a historical process of gradual and ongoing development. It requires the unremitting hard work of one generation after another. The period covered by the 15th Five-Year Plan will be critical in this process as we work to reinforce the foundations and push ahead on all fronts toward basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035. 

　　  

　　In this period, we must consolidate and build on our strengths, remove development bottlenecks, and shore up areas of weakness. We must seize the strategic initiative amid intense international competition and secure major breakthroughs in strategic tasks of overall importance to Chinese modernization. This will put us on firmer foundations for basically realizing socialist modernization. 

　　  

　　3. Profound and intricate changes facing China’s development environment in the 15th Five-Year Plan period 

　　  

　　Relations between major countries have an important bearing on the international landscape, the dynamics of which will in turn exert a profound impact on the domestic development of every country. China is in a period of development where strategic opportunities exist alongside risks and challenges and uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising. 

　　  

　　Internationally, momentous changes of a magnitude not seen in a century are unfolding across the world at a faster pace. A profound shift is taking place in the international balance of power, and breakthroughs are accelerating in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. All this has created positive factors enabling China to make proactive moves in the international arena and shape a favorable external environment. Meanwhile, the changes we see in the world are intertwined with disturbances, turmoil continues to mount, and geopolitical conflicts flare up all too easily and frequently. Unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, and hegemonism and power politics pose greater threats. The international economic and trade order is facing grave challenges, and global economic growth lacks steam. Major-country rivalry is becoming more intricate and intense than ever. 

　　  

　　Domestically, the Chinese economy has a solid foundation, advantages in many areas, strong resilience, and great potential. The conditions for and underlying trend of long-term growth remain unchanged. More and more, we are seeing the strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics, China’s enormous market, its complete industrial system, and its abundant human resources all coming to the fore. However, development imbalances and inadequacies remain prominent. Effective demand is sluggish, and bottlenecks and obstacles are impeding economic flows. The task of transitioning to new growth drivers is formidable, and agricultural and rural modernization is lagging behind. There is considerable pressure weighing on employment and personal income growth, and gaps and weak links still exist in our work to ensure public wellbeing. Changes in China’s demographic structure pose new challenges for economic development and social governance, and risks and hidden dangers persist in some key areas. 

 

　　Changes engender opportunities, and challenges bolster morale. All of us in the Party must acquire a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and of establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; become more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership. 

 

　　We must maintain strategic resolve and enhance our confidence of success. We must proactively identify, respond to, and steer changes, demonstrate the courage and competence to carry forward our struggle, and dare to brave high winds, choppy waters, and even dangerous storms. We must seize the historical initiative to overcome difficulties, combat risks, and confront challenges, and focus on managing our own affairs well. We will write yet another chapter on the miracles of rapid economic growth and long-term social stability and strive to open up new horizons for Chinese modernization. 

 

 

II. Guiding Principles and Major Objectives for Economic and Social Development in the 15th Five-Year Plan Period 

　　  

　　4. Guiding philosophy 

 

　　We must stay committed to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must thoroughly apply the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee. 

 

　　We must keep focused on realizing the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. We must ensure coordinated implementation of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy.^[1] Keeping in mind both domestic and international imperatives, we must fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, move faster to foster a new pattern of development, and adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. 

 

　　We will continue to pursue economic development as our central task, with high-quality development as our main focus, reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, meeting the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life as our fundamental goal, and full and rigorous Party self-governance as the fundamental underpinning for all our efforts. 

 

　　We will promote higher-quality economic growth while achieving an appropriate increase in economic output and make solid headway in promoting well-rounded personal development and common prosperity for all. All of this will allow us to secure decisive progress toward basically realizing socialist modernization. 

 

　　5. Core Principles 

 

　　-    Upholding the Party’s overall leadership 

　　We must resolutely uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership and improve the Party’s ability to chart the course, make overall plans, design policies, and promote reform. We must uphold the Party’s leadership in all areas and at all stages of economic and social development, so as to fundamentally guarantee China’s socialist modernization drive. 

 

　　-    Putting the people first 

　　The principal position of the people must be respected. We will rely closely on the people, protect their fundamental interests, and promote social fairness and justice. We will focus on ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing through development and open up greater space for development in the course of satisfying their needs. We will promote coordinated economic and social development, ensure that material progress and cultural-ethical progress reinforce each other, and see to it that the gains of modernization benefit all our people fairly. 

 

　　-    Pursuing high-quality development 

　　Our development will be guided by the new development philosophy. We should develop new quality productive forces in line with local conditions, strengthen the domestic economy, and promote unimpeded domestic and international economic flows. We will take coordinated steps to expand domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reform, move faster to foster new drivers of growth, and improve and upgrade the economic structure. We will optimize the allocation of new resources while making best use of existing ones. This will help drive sustained, sound economic development and all-around social progress. 

 

　　-    Comprehensively deepening reform 

　　With a focus on removing institutional barriers that impede high-quality development, we must advance in-depth reform and expand high-standard opening up. We should work to better adapt the relations of production to the productive forces, the superstructure to the economic base, and national governance to social development and make sustained efforts to increase development momentum and boost the vitality of our society. 

 

　　-    Promoting both an efficient market and a well-functioning government 

　　We should see that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and that the government better fulfills its role. We should establish a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, develop a credit-based economy under the rule of law, and foster a first-rate business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized. This will enable us to create an economic order defined by both market vitality and effective regulation. 

 

　　-    Ensuring both development and security 

　　It is essential for us to consolidate security in the course of development and pursue development in a secure environment. We must better prepare ourselves for worst-case scenarios, effectively prevent and mitigate all kinds of risks, and enhance the resilience of our economy and society, so as to safeguard China’s new pattern of development with its new security architecture. 

 

　　6. Major objectives 

 

　　-    Significant achievements in high-quality development 

　　We should see that the economy keeps growing within an appropriate range, realize steady gains in total factor productivity, and achieve a notable increase in household consumption as a share of GDP. Domestic demand should play an increasingly greater role as the principal engine of economic growth, and the potential for growth should be fully unleashed. We should advance the development of a unified national market and see to it that the strengths of China’s enormous market continue to shine. We should secure significant progress in new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, while working toward major breakthroughs in developing new quality productive forces, fostering a new pattern of development, and building a modernized economy. 

 

　　-    Substantial improvements in scientific and technological self-reliance and strength 

　　We should markedly boost the overall performance of China’s innovation system and establish a basic framework for the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources. We should significantly strengthen our capacity for basic research and original innovation, achieve faster progress in securing breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and see that China keeps pace or even leads the way in many more fields. Full integration should be achieved between technological and industrial innovation, and innovation should play a more prominent role in driving development. 

 

　　-    Fresh breakthroughs in further deepening reform comprehensively 

　　Strides should be made in modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance. We should continue to improve the socialist market economy, the systems and mechanisms for high-standard opening up, and the institutions, standards, and procedures for whole-process people’s democracy, and move to a higher stage in building a socialist country under the rule of law. 

 

　　-    Notable cultural and ethical progress across society 

　　We should inspire greater confidence in Chinese culture among our people. Mainstream thoughts and views should enjoy stronger and more extensive support, and the core socialist values should prevail throughout society. We should further unleash the vitality of the entire nation for cultural creation and innovation and enrich the intellectual and cultural lives of our people. There should be a substantial increase in the cohesion of the Chinese nation and the appeal of Chinese culture and a continued rise in China’s soft power. 

 

　　-    Further improvements in quality of life 

　　We should make new headway in promoting high-quality full employment. Personal incomes should increase in step with economic growth, and remuneration should rise in tandem with labor productivity increases. The structure of income distribution should be optimized, with the middle-income group continuing to expand. The social security system should be refined and put on a more sustainable footing, and access to basic public services should be made much more equitable. 

 

　　-    Major new strides in advancing the Beautiful China Initiative 

　　Eco-friendly ways of work and life should become the norm in society, the goal of peaking carbon emissions before 2030 should be achieved as scheduled, and a new clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system should take shape. There should be a continued drop in the total discharge of major pollutants, and the diversity, stability, and sustainability of our ecosystems should be steadily enhanced. 

 

　　-    Further advances in strengthening the national security shield 

　　 We should reinforce our system and capacity for safeguarding national security and effectively guard against and mitigate risks in key sectors. Noticeable improvements should be made in social governance and public safety governance. The centenary goals of the People’s Liberation Army should be fulfilled by 2027. Solid progress should be made in advancing the Peaceful China Initiative to a higher level. 

 

　　Building on this, we will work hard for a further five years to see that by the year 2035 China’s economic strength, scientific and technological ability, national defense capabilities, composite national strength, and international influence will all become markedly stronger, China’s per capita GDP will be on a par with that of a mid-level developed country, our people will live better and happier lives, and socialist modernization will be basically realized. 

　　  

III. Building a Modernized Industrial System and Reinforcing the Foundations of the Real Economy 

　　       

　　A modernized industrial system provides the material and technological foundations for Chinese modernization. We should keep our focus on the real economy, continue to pursue smart, green, and integrated development, and work faster to boost China’s strength in manufacturing, product quality, aerospace, transportation, and cyberspace. The share of manufacturing in the national economy should be kept at an appropriate level, and a modernized industrial system should be developed with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. 

 

　　7. Upgrading traditional industries 

 

　　We should upgrade key industries and consolidate and enhance the position and competitiveness of China’s industries such as mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, light industries, textiles, machinery, vessels, and construction in the global industrial division of labor. We should ensure that China’s industrial chains become more self-supporting and risk-resilient. We should advance industrial foundation reengineering and research on major technologies and equipment. We should promote rolling implementation of high-quality development initiatives for key industrial chains in the manufacturing sector and develop advanced manufacturing clusters. 

 

　　We should promote technological transformation and upgrading to shift toward digital and intelligent development in the manufacturing sector, develop smart, green, and service-oriented manufacturing, and work faster to transform industrial models and enterprises’ organizational forms. We should reinforce national quality infrastructure, strengthen standard-based guidance and make it more internationalized, and step up brand building. We should improve the industrial layout and promote the orderly relocation of key industries within China. 

 

　　8. Fostering emerging industries and industries of the future 

 

　　We should redouble efforts to develop emerging pillar industries. We should launch industrial innovation projects and make integrated moves to construct innovation facilities, advance technological research and development (R&D), and promote product upgrading. We should accelerate the development of industrial clusters in strategic emerging fields such as new energy, new materials, aviation and aerospace, and the low-altitude economy. To improve the industrial ecosystem, we should carry out demonstration initiatives to extensively apply new technologies and products in new scenarios and scale up emerging industries at a faster pace. 

 

　　Forward-looking plans should be put in place for industries of the future. We need to explore diverse technology roadmaps, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market regulation rules and work to foster new drivers of economic growth such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen and nuclear fusion power, brain-computer interfaces, embodied artificial intelligence (AI), and 6G mobile communications. We should introduce new regulation methods, develop venture capital investment, and establish mechanisms to increase funding and share risks in future industries. We should promote the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products. We should also nurture unicorn companies. 

 

　　9. Promoting the high-quality, efficient development of the service sector 

 

　　We should carry out capacity-expanding and quality-upgrading initiatives in the service sector, opening the sector wider, deepening regulatory reform, and refining support policies to create a broader range of quality market entities. We should steer producer services toward greater specialization and the higher end of the value chain on a sector-by-sector basis, while supporting the development of higher-quality, more diverse, and more accessible consumer services. We should promote the integration of modern services with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture and advance the digital and intelligent transformation of the service sector. We should step up efforts to improve standards, enhance quality, and build brands, and refine the statistical and monitoring systems for the service sector. 

 

　　10. Developing a modernized infrastructure system 

 

　　Infrastructure planning should be better coordinated to improve its layout and structure, drive integrated development, and ensure that infrastructure is safe, resilient, and sustainable. New types of infrastructure should be built with appropriate forward planning. Information and communication networks, the national integrated computing network, major science and technology infrastructure, and other key systems should be further developed and used intensively and efficiently. Traditional infrastructure should be upgraded and retrofitted with digital and intelligent technologies. 

 

　　We should improve the modern integrated transportation system, strengthening cross-regional coordination and planning, promoting multimodal integration, and improving transportation links and services in remote areas. We should enhance the diversity and resilience of international transportation routes. In the energy sector, efforts should be made to optimize the layout of primary arteries and develop new types of infrastructure. We should accelerate the development of a modern water network and enhance our capacity to prevent floods, coordinate the allocation of water resources, and ensure water supply in both urban and rural areas. We should continue to develop dual-use public infrastructure that can accommodate emergency needs in the cities. 

 

IV. Achieving Greater Self-Reliance and Strength in Science and Technology and Steering the Development of New Quality Productive Forces 

　　  

　　Chinese modernization must be underpinned by modernization in science and technology. We must seize the historic opportunity presented by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to boost China’s strength in education, science and technology, and human resources in a well-coordinated manner. We should enhance the overall performance of China’s innovation system, raise our innovation capacity across the board, achieve a leading position in scientific and technological development, and keep fostering new quality productive forces. 

 

　　11. Promoting advances in original innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields 

 

　　We should improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide and adopt unconventional measures to drive decisive breakthroughs in core technologies across entire chains in key fields such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, high-end equipment, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing. A number of major national science and technology programs should be launched, with a focus on meeting our country’s strategic needs. 

 

　　We should strengthen strategic, forward-looking, and systematic planning for basic research, direct a greater share of total R&D spending toward this field, and increase long-term, stable support. We need to place a stronger emphasis on original innovation in scientific research and technological development and create an optimal environment for original and disruptive innovation, in a bid to produce a larger number of original, landmark advances. 

 

　　12. Promoting full integration between technological and industrial innovation 

 

　　We should coordinate efforts to build up China’s strength in strategic science and technology and enhance our capacity for making systematic breakthroughs. We should strengthen self-sufficiency in scientific and technological infrastructure and take well-coordinated steps to develop innovation platforms and centers. We should improve regional innovation systems, develop regional technological innovation centers and industrial technological innovation hubs, and reinforce the role of international technological innovation centers as drivers of innovation. 

 

　　We should see that major scientific and technological advances can enter practical application quickly and efficiently. To this end, we should build more proof-of-concept and pilot-scale testing platforms, work harder to develop application scenarios and make them more accessible, and strengthen the protection and application of intellectual property rights. We should create an open and globally competitive innovation ecosystem. Young scientists and engineers should receive support to pursue innovation or start their businesses. We should promote scientific and technological literacy among the public, foster a culture of innovation, and nurture dedication to science. In addition, we must work harder to uphold the rule of law, ethics, integrity, and security in the sphere of science and technology. 

 

　　The principal role of enterprises in technological innovation should be reinforced. We should facilitate the flow of innovation resources toward enterprises, support them in spearheading the creation of innovation consortia and in playing a greater role in major national science and technology programs, and encourage them to make more investments in basic research. We should also promote full integration of chains of innovation with those of industry, capital, and talent. 

 

　　We should nurture leading technology companies, support the development of new- and high-tech firms and sci-tech SMEs, and further raise the additional tax deductions for enterprises’ R&D expenses. We should increase government procurement of homegrown innovative products. 

 

　　13. Pursuing the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources 

 

　　We need to institute sound mechanisms for advancing integration on this front, promoting greater coordination across development plans, policies, resources, and evaluations. We should foster positive interplay between indigenous technological innovation and the training of homegrown talent and develop globally influential centers for education, science, and talent. 

 

　　Orienting talent cultivation toward technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, we should optimize the layout of higher education institutions, advance reforms on a categorized basis, and coordinate the establishment of disciplines. We should continue to develop world-class universities and academic disciplines and national centers for interdisciplinary subjects, while better leveraging the role of research institutes, innovation platforms, enterprises, and science and technology programs in pooling and nurturing talent. These endeavors will enable us to cultivate top-tier innovators. 

 

　　We should move faster to build a contingent of personnel with expertise of strategic importance to our country and cultivate talent of all types, including science strategists, leading scientists, outstanding engineers, master craftspeople, and highly-skilled workers. We should increase personnel collaboration and optimize talent structures to ensure that human resources better meet regional development needs. 

 

　　We should deepen reform of project reviews, institution assessments, talent evaluations, and income distribution to give greater weight to innovation capability, performance, outcomes, and contributions. We should open up channels for personnel flows between higher education institutions, research institutes, and enterprises to boost the dynamism and vitality for innovation and creation. We should deepen international exchanges and cooperation and establish an immigration system for highly-skilled personnel to attract and cultivate talent from around the world. 

 

　　14. Advancing the Digital China Initiative 

 

　　We should refine our foundational systems for data as a factor of production, foster an integrated national data market characterized by openness, sharing, and security, and advance the development and utilization of data resources. We should promote full integration between the real economy and the digital economy and advance the project for the innovative development of the Industrial Internet. We should accelerate innovation in digital and intelligent technologies such as AI, make breakthroughs in basic theories and core technologies, and ensure more efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data. 

 

　　The AI Plus Initiative should be advanced across the board. We should steer the transformation of scientific research paradigms with AI, apply AI tools in industrial development, cultural advancement, public wellbeing initiatives, and social governance, and strive to gain the edge in AI industrial application. All these efforts will facilitate AI empowerment in all sectors on all fronts. We must also strengthen governance over AI and refine relevant laws, regulations, policies, systems, application standards, and ethical codes. We should conduct sound regulation of the platform economy to promote its innovative and healthy development. 

　　  

V. Building a Robust Domestic Market and Fostering a New Pattern of Development 

　　  

　　A strong domestic market provides strategic support for Chinese modernization. Guided by the strategy of expanding domestic demand, we should work toward improving living standards while increasing consumer spending and combine investment in physical assets with investment in human capital. We should see that new demand drives new supply, new supply helps create fresh demand, and positive interactions are fostered between consumption and investment and between supply and demand. All this will help enhance the dynamism and reliability of the domestic economy. 

 

　　15. Boosting consumption 

 

　　Special initiatives should be advanced to boost consumption. To increase people’s spending power, we should make coordinated moves to boost employment, increase incomes, and keep expectations stable, and appropriately increase the share of fiscal expenditure that goes toward public services. The supply of high-quality consumer goods and services should be expanded. We should focus on easing market access and integrating various forms of business to boost consumption of services and work hard to build leading brands, raise standards, and apply new technologies to expand and upgrade goods consumption. We should also develop a batch of high-profile new consumption scenarios with broad appeal. 

 

　　We should develop more cities into international consumption centers and expand inbound consumption. Inclusive policies that directly benefit consumers should be strengthened, and the government should spend more on public wellbeing. We should refine the systems and mechanisms designed to drive consumption, abolish unreasonable restrictions on the purchase of motor vehicles and housing, and adopt management measures suitable for new forms, models, and scenarios of consumer spending. We should stagger paid leave. Consumer rights and interests should be better protected. 

 

　　16. Expanding effective investment 

 

　　We should maintain appropriate growth in investment and raise the returns it delivers. The structure of government investment should be optimized in order to allocate a larger portion to public wellbeing initiatives and ensure the high-quality development of programs for advancing major national strategies and bolstering security capacity in key areas. To respond to structural demographic shifts and population movement trends, we should improve the layouts of infrastructure and public service facilities and boost investment in human resources development and well-rounded personal development. 

 

　　We should coordinate the use of all types of government investment funds and take explorative steps to formulate overall government investment plans in areas with the initial groundwork in place. The entire process of government investment should be better managed. We should advance the reform of the investment review and approval system and further clarify the directions and priorities of central and local government investment. We should launch a new batch of major landmark projects on the basis of proper planning and deliberation. We should improve the long-term mechanisms for facilitating the participation of private enterprises in major projects and better leverage the guiding role of government investment funds, so as to spur private investment, increase its overall share, and boost growth momentum for market-driven effective investment. 

 

　　17. Eliminating bottlenecks and obstacles hindering the development of a unified national market 

 

　　We must ensure that the underlying institutions and rules of the market are unified across the nation. We should refine the systems for property rights protection, market access, information disclosure, social credit, mergers and reorganizations, and market exit and remove barriers related to production factor access, qualification accreditation, public bidding, and government procurement. We should regulate the economic promotion activities of local governments, eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, and address rat race competition through holistic measures. 

 

　　We should ensure unified law enforcement in market regulation, strengthen quality supervision, refine the standards on administrative discretion, and enhance law enforcement and judicial administration efforts to tackle monopolies and unfair competition. Our aim is to create a market order where good quality commands good prices and healthy competition prevails. 

 

　　We should establish well-aligned distribution rules and standards and pursue higher standards in enhancing market facility connectivity to cut logistics costs throughout society. We should improve the statistical, fiscal, tax, and evaluation systems to facilitate the development of a unified market and work toward optimized profit sharing between corporate headquarters and branches and between places of production and consumption. 

　　  

VI. Developing a High-Standard Socialist Market Economy and Boosting the Momentum for High-Quality Development 

　　  

　　A high-standard socialist market economy serves as an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We should uphold and improve China’s basic socialist economic systems, better leverage the leading role of economic structural reform, and improve the macroeconomic governance system to ensure steady and sustained progress in high-quality development. 

 

　　18. Stimulating the vitality of all market entities 

 

　　We must uphold and fulfill our commitments to both the public and the nonpublic sectors^[2] and see that economic entities under diverse forms of ownership complement each other and develop side by side. Reform of state capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) should be deepened. To help state capital and SOEs get stronger, perform better, and grow bigger, we should refine the layout of the state-owned sector, adjust its structure, and enhance the core functions and competitiveness of SOEs. 

 

　　Acting in line with the Private Sector Promotion Law, we should leverage legal and institutional safeguards to see that all economic entities have equal access to factors of production and compete in the market on a level playing field and that their lawful rights and interests are effectively protected. All this will help the private sector grow bigger and stronger. We should support the development of SMEs and self-employed individuals and promote integrated and collaborative development of enterprises of all sizes. 

 

　　We should strengthen law enforcement and judicial administration to protect property rights and tighten judicial oversight over coercive measures such as the sealing, sequestering, and freezing of assets. We should refine the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features and promote entrepreneurial spirit to foster a greater number of world-class enterprises at a faster pace. 

 

　　19. Moving faster to improve the institutions and mechanisms for market-based allocation of production factors 

 

　　 To promote the efficient allocation of all types of resources and production factors, we should develop a robust unified market for urban and rural construction land, a fully functional capital market, a free-flowing labor market, and a technology market that facilitates efficient industrial application. A national macro balance sheet should be established to give us a full picture of existing resources and assets and help us improve asset-liability ratios. Merger and acquisition, bankruptcy, and replacement policies should be improved to help put underused land, vacant housing, and idle infrastructure to better use. 

 

　　We should refine the laws and regulations for renewing the rights to use land for industrial and commercial purposes and prudently proceed with relevant work in accordance with the law. The idle state-owned assets held by administrative departments and public institutions nationwide should be put to good use and open for sharing. The enforcement of judicial rulings should be better aligned with the bankruptcy system so that seized and frozen assets will be used effectively in accordance with the law. 

 

　　20. Making macroeconomic governance more effective 

 

　　 We should strengthen the strategic guidance of national development plans, enhance coordination between fiscal and monetary policies, and leverage the roles of industrial, price, employment, consumption, investment, trade, regional, environmental protection, and regulation policies to create more models of economic growth that is led by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and sustained by self-generating momentum. We should bolster counter- and cross-cyclical adjustments and implement more proactive macro policies to keep growth, employment, and expectations stable. We should make macro policy orientations more consistent, strengthen evaluations of policy outcomes, refine expectations management mechanisms, and optimize comprehensive performance evaluations of high-quality development. 

 

　　The role of proactive fiscal policy should be leveraged to improve fiscal sustainability. We should promote sound fiscal management and better coordinate fiscal resources and budgets to provide greater financial support for major national strategic tasks and basic public wellbeing initiatives. We should advance zero-based budgeting reform, unify budget allocation powers, optimize spending structures, and tighten performance-based budget management. 

 

　　We should improve the local tax system and the direct tax system, refine taxation policies on income generated from business operations, capital, and property, and place tax break policies under better regulation. The overall tax burden should be kept at an appropriate level. The central government should hold more fiscal powers as appropriate and accordingly raise the proportion of its expenditure. More fiscal resources should be placed at the disposal of local governments. Oversight on accounting should be enhanced. Expedited efforts should be made to establish long-term mechanisms for government debt management that meet the needs of high-quality development. 

 

　　We should work faster to boost China’s strength in finance. We should refine the central bank system, establish a well-conceived, prudent monetary policy system and a far-ranging macro-prudential regulation system, and improve the monetary policy transmission mechanism. We should step up efforts to develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. We should make the capital market more institutionally inclusive and adaptable and better balance its investment and financing functions. We should actively develop direct financing such as equity and bonds and promote steady development of futures, derivatives, and asset securitization. 

 

　　We should improve the system of financial institutions and encourage institutions of all types to focus on their core business, improve their governance, and pursue distinctive development paths. Secure and efficient financial infrastructure should be put in place, and the digital Renminbi (RMB) should be steadily developed. We should move faster to build Shanghai into an international financial center. We should tighten up financial regulation across the board, with the central and local governments working in closer collaboration. We should draw on a full range of resources and means to address risks and develop the system for preventing and defusing risks, so as to ensure stable operations in the financial sector. 

　　  

VII. Promoting High-Standard Opening Up and Creating New Horizons for Mutually Beneficial Cooperation 

　　  

　　Opening up and cooperation for mutual benefit are integral to Chinese modernization. We must continue to expand opening up at the institutional level, safeguard the multilateral trading system, and promote broader international economic flows. We should draw momentum from opening up to propel reform and development, and share opportunities with the rest of the world and promote common development. 

 

　　21. Opening China wider to the outside world 

 

　　We should promote alignment with high-standard international economic and trade rules, expand market access and open up more areas, in particular in the service sector, and unilaterally open up more sectors to more regions. We should work faster to facilitate regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements, and expand our network of high-standard free trade areas. 

 

　　We should optimize the regional planning for opening up and cultivate a diverse array of pacesetters in this regard. We should implement the strategy of upgrading pilot free trade zones and develop the Hainan Free Trade Port to high standards. Well-coordinated moves should be made to build major platforms for opening up and cooperation in areas such as technological innovation, trade in services, and industrial development. 

 

　　We should advance the internationalization of the RMB, pursue greater openness of RMB capital accounts, and build a homegrown, risk-controllable cross-border RMB payment system. We should promote reform in global economic and financial governance and work toward establishing and preserving an international economic order based on fairness, justice, openness, inclusiveness, and mutually beneficial cooperation. 

 

　　22. Promoting the innovative development of trade 

 

　　We should enhance both quality and performance in foreign trade and work faster to turn China into a strong trading nation. We need to promote market diversification and the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade. We should optimize and upgrade trade in goods, expand green trade and trade in intermediate goods, and pursue balanced development of imports and exports. 

 

　　We should boost the development of trade in services by encouraging exports, refining the negative list-based management system for cross-border trade, and improving standards. In the domain of digital trade, we should pursue innovative development and take well-ordered steps to expand opening up. We should enhance the functions of trade promotion platforms and support the development of new forms and models of business such as cross-border e-commerce. Mechanisms for export control and security review should be improved. 

 

　　23. Expanding two-way investment cooperation 

 

　　We should foster new strengths in attracting foreign investment, ensuring both easy market access and accommodating business environments for foreign investors, shortening the negative list for foreign investment, and facilitating reinvestments made by foreign-funded enterprises in our country. We should improve the system of services and support for foreign investors, fully implement national treatment for foreign-funded firms, ensure efficient, convenient, and safe cross-border data flows, and create an institutional environment that is transparent, stable, and predictable. 

 

　　We should effectively manage outbound investment, improve comprehensive overseas services, and promote the integrated development of trade and investment. We should guide the overseas distribution of industrial and supply chains in a rational, orderly manner. 

 

　　24. Pursuing high-quality Belt and Road cooperation 

 

　　We should strengthen strategic alignment with Belt and Road partner countries and better coordinate and manage cooperation programs. We should enhance connectivity in terms of both infrastructure and rules and standards and foster closer bonds with the people in these countries. We need to refine the multidimensional network connecting partner countries and advance both major signature projects and “small and beautiful” public wellbeing projects. Rail freight transportation between China and Europe and between China and other parts of Asia should be improved, and construction on the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor should pick up speed. 

 

　　We should deepen practical cooperation in the areas of trade, investment, industrial development, and people-to-people exchanges and launch new cooperation initiatives across fields such as green development, AI, the digital economy, health, tourism, and agriculture. We should improve the investment and financing systems to make them more diversified, sustainable, and risk-resilient. Our overseas interests should also be better protected. 

　　  

VIII. Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization and Advancing All-Around Rural Revitalization 

　　  

　　Agricultural and rural modernization has a major bearing on Chinese modernization as a whole and the outcomes it delivers. We must give top priority to the issues related to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents. We need to promote integrated urban-rural development, continue to consolidate and expand our achievements in poverty alleviation, basically ensure modern living conditions in rural areas, and secure faster progress in building up China’s strength in agriculture. 

 

　　25. Enhancing the overall production capacity, quality, and performance of agriculture 

 

　　We should emphasize both output and production capacity, both agricultural production and ecological conservation, and both output expansion and income growth and coordinate efforts to make agriculture more technology-driven, eco-friendly, quality-focused, and brand-oriented, thereby turning it into a modern pillar sector. We should step up efforts to advance a new round of initiatives for increasing grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons and improve our capacity for ensuring the supply of grain and other major agricultural products. 

 

　　To ensure that the total area of China’s arable land stays above the specified redline, we must exercise strict management over the process of offsetting cultivated land that has been put to non-agricultural uses and improve the layout of agricultural land through a holistic approach. We should advance the high-quality development of high-standard cropland and strengthen the protection of black soil and the comprehensive use of saline and alkaline soils to improve the quality of our arable land. 

 

　　We should press ahead with initiatives to invigorate the seed industry and drive the R&D and application of high-end, smart agricultural machinery and equipment suited to hilly and mountainous areas. We should enhance agricultural efficiency through a combination of high-quality land, superior seeds, advanced machinery, and effective methods. To foster a diversified food supply system, we should continue to advance farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries in tandem and develop modern protected agriculture. We should boost the development of the non-timber forest-based economy and the forestry and grassland sectors. 

 

　　We should keep rural land contract relationships stable and make steady progress in trials on extending second-round rural land contracts by another 30 years upon their expiration. We should develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations, improve the quality of new types of agribusiness, make commercial services for agriculture more accessible and efficient, and encourage small rural households to become involved in modern agriculture. 

 

　　26. Building a beautiful and harmonious countryside for people to live and work in 

 

　　We should draw on the experience gained in the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang Province, refine the mechanisms for countryside development based on local conditions, and adopt a zonal, category-based approach to systematically advancing rural revitalization. We should take well-ordered steps to put in place more complete infrastructure systems, make public services more accessible, and improve the living environment in rural areas. We should coordinate our work on improving the layouts of villages and towns and promote the integrated planning, construction, and maintenance of county infrastructure. 

 

　　We should make coordinated efforts to advance territorial space governance at the county level and steadily carry out comprehensive county-wide land improvement initiatives. We should continue improving the rural living environment, devoting tenacious efforts to dealing with issues such as upgrading toilets and clearing up waste, and moving faster to address inadequacies in the provision of proper modern amenities, so as to create fine living spaces in rural areas. 

 

　　We should develop county economies with unique features, explore multiple functions of agriculture, and promote greater integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in rural areas. We should nurture distinctive rural industries and refine the mechanisms for involving more rural residents to help sustain rural income growth. 

 

　　27. Ensuring that policies aimed at strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching rural areas deliver greater outcomes 

 

　　We should improve the diversified investment framework based on priority fiscal support, preferential financial backing, and broad participation by non-governmental entities, all to ensure that investment in rural revitalization continues to rise. We should keep farmers motivated in growing grains or engaging in other agricultural activities by giving them stronger price, subsidy, and insurance support in a more coordinated way. We should increase compensation for major grain-producing areas and implement a cross-provincial mechanism for major grain-purchasing areas to compensate major grain-producing areas. We should enhance grain purchases and sales and better manage grain reserves. 

 

　　The import of agricultural products should be further diversified, and trade and production should be better coordinated. We should promote the two-way flow of production factors between urban and rural areas and provide incentives for various types of personnel to offer services, start businesses, or seek employment in rural areas. We should promote the economical, efficient use of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, put idle land and vacant housing to good use in accordance with the law, and ensure the provision of rural development land across various categories. Support should be provided for the development of new rural collective economies. 

 

　　We should make coordinated efforts to establish regular mechanisms for preventing rural residents from lapsing or relapsing into poverty. We should continue to provide well-targeted assistance, strengthen support to help those most in need, ramp up development-based assistance, and boost internal impetus for development. We should provide multi-tiered and categorized assistance for underdeveloped areas, enhance policies supporting key counties in need of assistance in achieving rural revitalization, and make every effort to guard against any large-scale lapse or relapse into poverty. 

　　  

IX. Refining the Regional Economic Layout and Promoting Coordinated Regional Development 

　　  

　　Coordinated regional development is essential for Chinese modernization. We should give full play to the synergies between the coordinated regional development strategy, major regional strategies, the functional zoning strategy, and the new urbanization strategy, improve the distribution of major productive forces, and ensure that key regions play their role as growth poles. Our goal is to develop a regional economic layout and a territorial space system that enable regions to leverage their complementary strengths in pursuit of high-quality development. 

 

　　28. Promoting more coordinated regional development 

 

　　We should take solid steps to open up a new vista in the large-scale development of the western region, achieve new breakthroughs in the full revitalization of the Northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to modernize more quickly. We should promote more coordinated development between the eastern, central, and western regions and between the southern and northern regions. 

 

　　We should consolidate and enhance the roles of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as engines of high-quality development. We should continue to advance the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. We should build Xiong’an New Area into a modern city through high-standard, high-quality development and boost the development capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone. 

 

　　We should encourage all regions to leverage their comparative advantages and distinctive strengths. We should support major provincial economies in assuming greater responsibility and encourage them to play a leading, exemplary role in advancing Chinese modernization. We should strengthen tailored policy support to promote the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, and border areas. 

 

　　29. Boosting interconnected development between regions 

 

　　We should advance the construction of major corridors between regions and across river basins and strengthen regional infrastructure connectivity. We should push forward with the coordinated and interconnected development of key city clusters and promote more efficient regional collaboration in industrial and innovation chains. 

 

　　We should accelerate the development of city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and in other areas, develop a number of major cities as regional centers, and give better play to the role of cross-regional areas in supporting and driving the development of surrounding regions. We should increase cooperation across administrative divisions, improve mechanisms to facilitate coordinated planning, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing between different regions, and develop new regional growth models such as the river basin economy. 

 

　　30. Improving the development of territorial spaces 

 

　　We should intensify our efforts to implement the functional zoning strategy. We should keep the general layout encompassing urban zones, major agricultural production zones, and key ecosystem service zones stable, formulate detailed, specific plans for special functional zones, and refine relevant supporting policies and assessment and evaluation mechanisms. We should also work to optimize the layouts of strategic industries and energy and resource bases. 

 

　　The territorial space planning system should be improved. We should enforce and refine arable land and permanent basic cropland redlines, ecological conservation redlines, and urban development boundaries, and implement differentiated and rigorous regulation on territorial space use in different regions and categories. Provincial-level governments should be given more power to manage land designated for construction purposes. We should explore an approach to keeping the total area of construction land within the limit set for each planning period and ensure the supply of land by taking stock of both existing and new land resources. 

 

　　31. Promoting people-centered new urbanization 

 

　　We should take well-conceived, systematic measures to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas and implement systems that allow people to obtain household registration and access basic public services in their place of permanent residence. We should modernize the governance of super-large and mega cities, accelerate integrated development in city clusters and in metropolitan areas, optimize the scale and spatial structures of cities, and work to ensure that cities of different sizes and small towns develop in coordination with each other to form efficient and closely knit layouts. We should adopt a categorized approach to advancing urbanization with a focus on county seats, with the aim of better supporting industrial development and improving public services. We should continue to tap the full potential of cities, make a strong push to advance urban renewal, and build people-centered modern cities that are innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, culturally rich, and smart. Concrete steps should also be taken to promote the development of cities and towns in border regions. 

 

　　32. Strengthening marine development, utilization, and protection 

 

　　We should pursue coordinated land and marine development, increase the capacity for sea management, advance high-quality development of the marine economy, and step up efforts to build China into a strong maritime country. Innovation in marine science and technology should be strengthened. We should consolidate and enhance our edge in marine equipment manufacturing, build up emerging maritime industries, and develop modern shipping services. 

 

　　We should conduct marine surveys, observation, and monitoring and advance the development and utilization of marine energy and resources, sea areas, and islands. The protection and restoration of ecosystems in key sea areas should be strengthened. Systems for supporting deep-sea and polar-region expeditions should be improved. We must resolutely safeguard our maritime rights, interests, and security and improve our capacity for maritime law enforcement and judicial administration of marine affairs. 

　　  

X. Inspiring the Cultural Creativity of Our Entire Nation and Fostering a Thriving Socialist Culture 

　　  

　　A flourishing culture is a hallmark of Chinese modernization. We must uphold the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological domain, remain rooted in the broad and rich Chinese culture, and follow the trends of information technology. On this basis, we should develop a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the new era—a culture that has the power to guide, unite, and inspire our people and enjoys strong international appeal. This will see us making tangible progress in building China into a country with a strong culture. 

 

　　33. Promoting and practicing the core socialist values 

 

　　We should devote greater efforts to the study, public communication, and education of the Party’s latest theories and continue to build cohesion and inner strength with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We should develop new approaches to implementing the project to study and develop Marxist theory and accelerate the building of a Chinese intellectual system in philosophy and social sciences. We should steer our cultural development with the core socialist values, harness the role of culture in nurturing the mind and cultivating character, and further elevate the morale of the entire nation. 

 

　　We should promote credibility and integrity in society. We should strengthen and improve theoretical and political work, promote the development of campus culture, make the best use of resources related to the Party’s heritage, and work to foster ideals and convictions among our young people. We should make coordinated efforts to promote cultural-ethical progress in both urban and rural areas, with a view to fostering civic virtue and enhancing public civility. Greater efforts should be made to improve the quality and management of online content. We should enhance our governance capacity in the cultural sector in the information age. 

 

　　34. Boosting cultural programs 

 

　　We should foster a sound cultural ecosystem, nurture original cultural creation, and promote the production of outstanding works in fields such as the press, publishing, radio, television, film, literature, and art. We need to develop a large, well-structured contingent of high-performing, dedicated, and innovative personnel in the cultural sector. We should roll out broad-based public cultural activities and promote new forms of literature and art for the general public in the internet age. We should push forward with the systemic transformation of mainstream media and the integrated management of media communication and online public opinion, so the mainstream media serves to better guide public opinion. 

 

　　We should continue with the project to pass on and develop fine traditional Chinese culture. Cultural heritage protection should be systematically advanced and put under unified supervision and inspection. Effective preservation approaches should be adopted in cities, urban districts, towns, and villages renowned for their historical and cultural heritage to see that they continue to develop as living monuments to history. We should build and make good use of national cultural parks and develop a system of defining symbols of Chinese culture. 

 

　　Cultural development must remain oriented toward the public benefit, and initiatives should be launched to enhance the quality and efficiency of public cultural services. Further efforts should be made to foster a culture of reading in our society. Recreational and competitive sports should be developed through a coordinated approach to see that we make faster progress in building China into a country strong in sports. 

 

　　35. Accelerating the development of cultural industries 

 

　　Improvements should be made to the cultural management system and the mechanisms for production and operations in the cultural sector. We should refine the systems for cultural industries and markets, cultivate outstanding cultural enterprises and brands, implement the strategy of boosting the cultural sector through major projects, and roll out proactive economic policies for the sector. 

 

　　We need to further integrate culture and technology. We must empower cultural development with digital and intelligent technologies and shift to an IT-based development model, while working to foster new forms of cultural business. We should provide guidance and regulation to promote sound development of online literature, games, and audio & video content, and strengthen the protection of minors in cyberspace. 

 

　　To boost China’s tourism sector, we should develop a broader range of high-grade tourism products and improve the quality of tourism services. More convenient and foreigner-friendly services should be provided for inbound tourists. We should spur deeper integration of culture and tourism through the vigorous development of cultural tourism and use culture to empower economic and social development. 

 

　　36. Extending the reach and appeal of Chinese civilization 

 

　　We should improve the institutions and mechanisms for international communication. We need to create new mediums and ways of conducting communication, further develop key communication centers, and see that the mainstream media enhances its capacity for international communication. Our goal is to give China a stronger voice in the international arena on all fronts, better tell China’s stories, and present a China that is credible, appealing, and respectable. 

 

　　We should strengthen country and region studies to make international communication more effective. We should engage in deeper exchanges and mutual learning with other cultures, carry out extensive people-to-people exchanges and cooperation, and encourage efforts to build the presence of more cultural enterprises and fine cultural works on the world stage. 

　　  

XI. Ensuring and Improving Public Wellbeing and Promoting Common Prosperity for All 

　　  

　　Meeting the people’s aspirations for a better life is the immutable goal of Chinese modernization. In line with the principle of doing everything within our means, we must ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and provide a cushion for those most in need, and work to resolve the pressing difficulties and problems that concern the people most. The channels of social mobility should remain unimpeded, and living standards should be further improved. 

 

　　37. Promoting high-quality full employment 

 

　　We should push forward with the employment-first strategy, improve related support mechanisms, and make our development model more employment-friendly. We should foster greater synergy between industry and employment, actively nurture new jobs and occupations, and help enterprises stabilize payrolls and step up hiring. 

 

　　We should improve the mechanisms for matching the supply of human resources with demand, refine the system of lifelong vocational skills training, and work to effectively guide public opinion regarding career choices and personnel recruitment, with a view to addressing structural employment challenges. We should refine the employment support and public services system, and stabilize and expand employment among key groups, including college graduates, rural migrant workers, and ex-service members. We should also promote the healthy development of flexible and new forms of employment. 

 

　　We should ramp up support for entrepreneurship and help business startups create more jobs. We should refine labor standards and the mechanisms for labor relation consultations and mediation and better protect the rights and interests of workers to create a fair and orderly employment environment. We should improve assessment, monitoring, and early warning regarding employment impacts, and respond in a holistic way to the effects of external changes and emerging technologies on employment. 

 

　　38. Improving the income distribution system 

 

　　We must keep distribution according to work as the mainstay with multiple forms of distribution existing alongside it. We should work to raise the share of personal income in the distribution of national income and give more weight to work remuneration in primary distribution. 

 

　　We should improve the mechanisms through which the contributions of production factors are determined by the market and rewarded accordingly in primary distribution. This will allow higher incomes for those who work hard, possess highly valued skills, or excel at innovation. We should also improve the mechanisms for determining wages, keeping them increasing at a reasonable rate, and ensuring their full payment. We should implement a system for collective wage bargaining, refine the mechanism for minimum wage adjustments, and strengthen macro guidance for enterprises on wage distribution. 

 

　　We should leverage multiple channels to increase the property income of both urban and rural residents and promote further redistribution by means of taxation, social security, and transfer payments. Public interest activities and charities should be advanced and placed under better regulation. We should keep income distribution and the means of accumulating wealth well-regulated and support the acquirement of wealth through hard work, innovation, and lawful activities. We should encourage those who are already well-off to assist others in increasing wealth and promote prosperity for all. 

 

　　We should put into effect an income growth plan for both urban and rural residents, effectively increase the earnings of low-income people, steadily enlarge the middle-income group, make reasonable adjustments to excessive incomes, and eliminate illicit gains, all with the aim of facilitating the formation of an oval-shaped structure of distribution. 

 

　　39. Developing education that meets the people’s expectations 

 

　　We should carry out the project of fostering virtue through education in the new era, promote effective integration between political studies in the classroom and practice in society, and strengthen physical, aesthetic, and labor skills education. The educational assessment system should also be refined. We should improve the mechanisms for allocating educational resources in response to demographic changes and channel more resources to urban areas with net inflows of school-age populations. 

 

　　We should steadily expand the coverage of free education and explore the extension of the length of compulsory education. Basic education should be upgraded: coordinated efforts should be made to ensure more balanced, better-quality compulsory education and more inclusive and higher-quality preschool education; more resources should go to regular senior secondary schools; and special needs and specialized education programs should be well run. 

 

　　We should expand and improve higher education and increase enrollment in quality undergraduate programs. We should enhance the training capacities of vocational schools and develop vocational colleges with distinctive features. We should guide and regulate the development of private education and expand high-standard opening up in the education sector. 

 

　　We should promote the educators’ ethos, cultivate high-caliber teachers, and ensure better pay and benefits for teachers. We should improve the school-family-society collaboration mechanism in education, advance the digital transformation strategy for education, and optimize public services in support of lifelong learning. 

 

　　40. Improving the social security system 

 

　　We should improve and implement the unified national management system for basic old-age insurance funds, move faster to develop the multi-tiered, multi-pillar old-age insurance system, and improve the mechanisms for setting and adjusting benefits. Basic old-age insurance benefits for rural and non-working urban residents should be gradually increased. We should improve the multi-tiered medical security system, advance unified management of basic medical insurance funds at the provincial level, and improve the policies on centralized medicine procurement, medical insurance payment, and the use of surplus funds. We should expand the coverage of unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation schemes and build sound systems for occupational injury insurance. We should improve the policies for transferring social security accounts and work for wider social security coverage among rural migrant workers as well as people in flexible employment and new forms of employment. 

 

　　We should improve the social insurance actuarial system, continue to transfer a portion of state capital to replenish social security funds, and improve the mechanisms for guaranteeing long-term, sustainable contributions to social security funds, conducting overall management and regulation of funds, maintaining and increasing their value, and ensuring their safety. Commercial insurance schemes should be leveraged as a supplementary support. We should improve the unified national platform for social insurance public services and the management of and services by insurance agencies nationwide. 

 

　　We should refine the social assistance system, improve the service and support system for elderly people who live alone, children in need, and people with disabilities, and put in place a sound system for basic funeral services. We must remain committed to the basic state policy of gender equality and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. We should continue to improve services and support for ex-service members. 

 

　　41. Promoting high-quality development in the real estate sector 

 

　　We must work faster to cultivate a new development model for the real estate sector and further improve foundational systems for the development, financing, and sales of commodity housing. We should improve the supply of government-subsidized housing to meet the basic housing needs of urban salaried workers and families with difficulties. City-specific policies should be adopted to increase supply to meet people’s needs for better housing. We should build more houses that are safe, comfortable, eco-friendly, and smart and carry out projects to improve housing quality and initiatives to improve property services. A full life-cycle safety management system should be introduced for housing. 

 

　　42. Advancing the Healthy China Initiative 

 

　　We should implement a health-first strategy, refine the framework of policies and institutions for promoting people’s health, and deliver better outcomes in patriotic health campaigns to raise the average life expectancy and improve the people’s health. We should increase our public health capacity, strengthen the disease control system, and effectively prevent and control major infectious diseases. 

 

　　We should improve the mechanisms for coordinated development and governance of medical services, medical insurance, and pharmaceuticals and promote tiered diagnosis and treatment. We should push ahead with reforms related to the staffing, service charges, remuneration systems, and overall regulation of public hospitals to ensure that they truly serve the public interest. In addition, greater support should be provided for the running of county, district, and community-level medical institutions. We should refine the functions and layout of medical institutions, launch initiatives to strengthen community-level medical and health services, and harness digital and intelligent technologies to improve the health of the entire nation. 

 

　　We should strengthen comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases and develop end-to-end services covering prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and health management. We should increase our overall capacity in terms of emergency treatment, first aid, blood supply, and other aspects of emergency response. Greater efforts should be made to ensure that medical and healthcare personnel provide better services and uphold professional ethics. 

 

　　We should promote the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as well as integrated application of TCM and Western medicine. We should support the development of innovative drugs and medical apparatus and instruments and provide better mental and psychological health services. 

 

　　43. Promoting high-quality population development 

 

　　A sound system will be instituted to provide full life-cycle population services to all. We should encourage positive views on marriage and childbearing, refine the policies and incentives for boosting birth rates, and effectively bring down the costs of childbirth, parenting, and education through childcare subsidies and personal income tax credits. We should improve the maternity insurance system, better implement parental leave, and carry out initiatives to provide better services for women in the early stages of pregnancy, improve reproductive health, and better prevent and treat birth defects. We should expand demonstrations and trials for subsidized childcare services, provide support for public-benefit childcare services and integrated nursery and childcare services, and take steps to improve relevant systems. Better health services should be ensured for women and children. 

 

　　We must actively respond to population aging and refine the policies and mechanisms for coordinating the development of elderly care programs and industries. We should enhance the provision of basic elderly care services, improve elderly care service networks in both urban and rural areas, and renovate more public facilities to make them age-friendly and barrier-free. We should provide medical services integrated with infant care and elderly care. We should roll out insurance schemes for long-term care, improve the care system for seniors who are functionally impaired, and expand rehabilitation services and hospice care. The statutory retirement age should be gradually raised in a prudent manner. We should improve relevant policies on age requirements related to employment and social security, actively tap elderly human resources, and develop the silver economy. 

 

　　44. Ensuring more equitable access to basic public services 

 

　　We should establish assessment standards for equitable access to basic public services, refine the scope and specifics of these services, and define the targets, pathways, and measures for realizing equitable access to them. We should channel more public services toward the community level, rural areas, remote regions, and people in need, and improve the mechanisms for allocating public resources according to the size of permanent resident population. We should better coordinate the supply of basic public services at the county level and improve long-term mechanisms to guarantee the inputs for their provision. We should deepen the reform of public institutions across the board. 

　　  

XII. Accelerating the Green Transition across the Board and Building a Beautiful China 

　　  

　　Green development is a defining feature of Chinese modernization. We must unwaveringly uphold the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and put it into concrete action. Guided by our goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, we should make concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development, and boost economic growth. We must reinforce our ecological security shields and strengthen our green development drivers. 

 

　　45. Pressing ahead with the critical battle against pollution and the drive to upgrade ecosystems 

 

　　With a commitment to protecting the environment for our people, we should fully implement the policy of combating pollution in a targeted, scientific, and law-based way. Greater attention should be paid to addressing pollution at source. We should better coordinate efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, control multiple pollutants, and carry out cross-regional initiatives. Fresh headway should be made in keeping our skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean. 

 

　　We should expedite the implementation of an oversight system for stationary pollution sources centered on emissions permits. We should launch initiatives for the comprehensive treatment of solid waste, intensify the prevention and control of environmental risks, and make substantial progress in treating new pollutants. We should improve the systems for environmental standards, monitoring, and assessment, as well as the evaluation of relevant work. 

 

　　We should follow a holistic and systematic approach to the conservation and improvement of mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems and coordinate efforts to advance major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems. We should strictly enforce ecological conservation redlines, strive for extensive progress in developing the national park-based system of protected areas, and establish more national parks in a well-ordered manner. 

 

　　We should enhance biodiversity protection and launch evaluations of the outcomes of ecological conservation and restoration. We should carry out large-scale greening programs in a well-planned way, score new achievements in this crucial stage of the national shelterbelt program in northwest, north, and northeast China, and reinforce ecological shields in regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 

 

　　We should refine the mechanisms for diverse forms of ecological compensation and broaden the channels for realizing the market value of ecosystem goods and services based on local conditions. We should step up the ecological conservation and systematic governance of important rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. We should continue to effectively enforce the 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River. 

 

　　46. Moving faster to develop a new type of energy system 

 

　　We should steadily increase the share of new energy in the total energy supply, advance the systematic transition from fossil fuels to safe, reliable alternatives, and build a new electric power system, all with the aim of making our country strong in the energy sector. 

 

　　We should develop wind, photovoltaic, hydro, and nuclear energy, promote both local grid integration and outward power transmission, and boost high-quality development of clean energy. We should promote clean and efficient use of fossil fuels, continue to upgrade coal-fired power plants, and phase out the use of coal in non-industrial sectors. 

 

　　We should make power grids safer and more resilient and enhance the complementarity between them. Sound plans should be drawn up for pumped-storage hydropower, new types of energy storage should be developed, and the construction of smart grids and microgrids should be accelerated. We should increase the proportion of electricity in final energy consumption and encourage green and low-carbon energy consumption. We should accelerate efforts to foster robust market and pricing mechanisms for a new energy system. 

 

　　47. Working actively and prudently toward peaking carbon emissions 

 

　　Both the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions must be controlled. To this end, we should push ahead with retrofitting for energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction and work toward reaching peak consumption of coal and petroleum. We should refine the statistical and accounting systems for carbon emissions while making steady headway in enforcing policies and systems for assessment of carbon-related performance of local authorities, carbon control by industries, carbon management by enterprises, carbon evaluation for projects, and carbon footprint management for products. 

 

　　We should develop distributed energy sources and build zero-carbon factories and industrial parks. We should expand the coverage of the China Carbon Emission Trade Exchange and build the National Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading Market at a faster pace. We should adopt sound standards for green and low-carbon development, spearhead improvements to relevant international rules and standards, and promote alignment and mutual recognition between domestic and international rules and standards. We should improve the working system for climate change adaption to bolster our ability to respond to climate change, especially extreme weather conditions. 

 

　　48. Accelerating the shift to eco-friendly production practices and lifestyles 

 

　　We should continue to exercise region-specific environmental management and better align it with territorial space plans, and make coordinated efforts to optimize industrial distribution. We should promote green and low-carbon transitions in industry, urban and rural development, transportation, energy, and other key sectors. The systems for total resource consumption control and comprehensive resource conservation should be improved, and refuse sorting and recycling should be stepped up to boost the circular economy. 

 

　　We should devote sustained efforts to building national experimental areas for ecological conservation, establish pilot zones under the Beautiful China Initiative, and foster pacesetters for green development. We should pursue fiscal, tax, financial, investment, pricing, sci-tech, and environmental policies that will drive green and low-carbon development. Incentives for eco-friendly consumption should be boosted, and green and low-carbon lifestyles should be promoted. 

　　       

XIII. Modernizing China’s National Security System and Capacity and Building a Peaceful China 

　　  

　　Building a Peaceful China is an integral part of the Chinese modernization drive. We must remain steadfast in applying a holistic approach to national security and follow a socialist path of social governance with Chinese characteristics to ensure that our society is both full of vitality and in good order. 

 

　　49. Improving the national security system 

 

　　We should consolidate our centralized, unified, high-performing, and authoritative leadership system for national security, act faster to develop a new security architecture, and enhance our strategic initiative to safeguard and shape national security. Guided by our strategies, leveraging policy instruments and law-based safeguards, and aiming at mitigating risks, we should improve the legal, strategy, policy, and risk management systems for national security. Mechanisms for coordinating national security efforts in key sectors and projects should be improved to ensure more efficient response to emergencies and changes. 

 

　　With the responsibility system for national security fully functioning, we should promote interaction and coordination among all elements across the entire security chain to generate systemic synergy. We should refine mechanisms for ensuring national security in foreign affairs, establish our systems for ensuring overseas security, and step up our fight against foreign sanctions, interference, and long-arm jurisdiction. We should strengthen international law enforcement cooperation on security and promote better global security governance. We should raise public awareness of national security to build a strong public line of defense. 

 

　　50. Building up national security capacity in key sectors 

 

　　We must develop tried and tested national security capabilities, placing emphasis on the aspects of security that are essential to the enduring peace and stability of our country, the sound and stable development of our economy, and the wellbeing of our people, and with political security as the top priority. 

 

　　The fundamentals underpinning national security must be consolidated. To this end, we should ensure the security of food, energy and resources, key industrial and supply chains, and major infrastructure; step up efforts to explore, develop, and build reserves of strategic mineral resources; promote the efficient and safe use of water resources; ensure the security of strategic corridors; and continue to develop our strategic hinterland and ensure backup plans for key industries. 

 

　　Capacity building on national security should be bolstered in emerging domains, including cyberspace, data, AI, biology, ecology, nuclear energy, outer space, deep sea, the polar regions, and low-altitude airspace. We should improve our ability to prevent and defuse risks in key sectors, taking coordinated steps to address those related to real estate, local government debt, small and medium financial institutions, and other areas in a well-ordered manner. This will enable us to guard against systemic risks. 

 

　　51. Enhancing public safety governance 

 

　　The public safety system should be improved to drive a shift toward a prevention-based governance model. We should strengthen the monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of meteorological, hydrological, and geological disasters; enhance our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief and for major public emergency response and support; and step up our work in emergency response command, workplace safety, and food and drug safety. Greater efforts should be devoted to making our critical infrastructure intrinsically safer in order to effectively prevent major and serious accidents. 

 

　　We need to further develop our integrated system and capacity for maintaining law and order. We should ensure that responsibility for protecting social stability is fulfilled, encourage broader public participation in crime prevention and control, build robust mechanisms for combating and rooting out organized crime on an ongoing basis, and redouble efforts to prevent and crack down on telecom and online fraud and drug-related crime. 

 

　　The well-regulated development of integrated governance centers should be advanced. We should enhance comprehensive cybersecurity governance and better protect personal information. We should step up efforts to prevent and control juvenile delinquency. We should fully and faithfully implement the policy of severity tempered by leniency in handling criminal cases, punish illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law, and improve the quality and efficiency of penal decision enforcement. 

 

　　52. Improving the social governance system 

 

　　To modernize social governance, we should adhere to systematic, law-based, and holistic approaches to addressing issues at source and improve the social governance system based on collaboration, participation, and benefit sharing. We should also improve the institutions and mechanisms for social work and refine the legal and policy frameworks for social governance. Party building initiatives should be enhanced in new types of economic and social organizations and among groups in new forms of employment. We should strengthen cultivation and management of social organizations and facilitate the reform and development of trade associations and chambers of commerce. 

 

　　We should better guide efforts to conduct community-level governance and strengthen primary-level governments through Party building. Lists of duties for town, township, and urban sub-district governments should be fully implemented, while the system for matters entrusted to villages and urban communities should be refined. We should continue to apply and develop the Fengqiao model in the new era, with a view to enhancing governance in both rural and urban communities. We must leverage the principal role of the general public and guide the systematic participation of all sides in social governance. 

 

　　Governance should be carried out through both online and offline channels. We should allocate more resources to primary-level organizations to enhance their capacity to provide services and conduct management, and improve service facilities and funding support mechanisms. We should leverage the role of social norms, such as citizens’ codes of conduct and local covenants, and cultivate stronger family bonds, values, and traditions. We should change outdated social mores, and in particular, address undesirable practices around weddings and funerals. 

 

　　We should improve the working mechanisms for rallying and serving the general public to further consolidate popular support for social governance endeavors. Theoretical and political guidance should be enhanced, and services and management should be improved for all social groups. We need to improve the systems for balancing different interests and protecting legitimate rights and interests. Care and support must be ensured for disadvantaged groups and those in difficulty. 

 

　　We should improve the system for public psychological and counseling services as well as mechanisms for crisis intervention. Citizen hotlines and other public service platforms should function more effectively, so that all public concerns are attended to. We should continue to develop volunteer services and better manage organizations operating in this field. We should promote law-based handling of public complaints and proposals. We should make further progress in applying diverse solutions and systematic approaches to resolve conflicts and disputes at source. We should strengthen the ranks of social workers and see that they are capable of delivering more professional services. 

　　       

XIV. Achieving the Centenary Goals of the People’s Liberation Army and Modernizing National Defense and the Armed Forces 

　　       

　　Strong national defense and a powerful military constitute a strategic pillar that underpins Chinese modernization. We should act on Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military and carry out the military strategy for the new era. We must ensure that the Party exercises absolute leadership over the people’s armed forces, and the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the chairman of the Central Military Commission must be implemented. In accordance with the new three-step strategy for modernizing national defense and the armed forces, we should continue to enhance political loyalty in the military, strengthen the military through reform, scientific and technological advances, and personnel training, and run the military in accordance with the law. We should simultaneously carry out operations, boost combat preparedness, and enhance military capabilities; and accelerate integrated military development through mechanization, informatization, and the application of intelligent technologies. All this will enhance our military’s strategic capacity to defend our national sovereignty, security, and development interests. 

 

　　53.  Speeding up the development of advanced combat capabilities 

 

　　We should strengthen our strategic deterrence forces to ensure global strategic balance and stability. We should advance the systematic development of new-domain forces with new combat capabilities to boost their scale and meet actual combat needs. We should fast-track the development of unmanned, intelligent combat forces and our capabilities to counter them. We should also upgrade and transform traditional combat forces. 

 

　　We should better coordinate the development and application of the network information system and step up the development and utilization of data resources, so as to develop an intelligent military system. We should accelerate the development of modern logistics. We should roll out major defense-related projects, in a bid to accelerate the pace of innovation in defense-related science and technology, translation of advanced technologies into combat effectiveness, and development of advanced weaponry and equipment. 

 

　　We need to develop new types of high-caliber, professional military personnel. With this in mind, we should refine human resource policies and systems within the military and improve the running and programs of military academies. Projects should also be launched to modernize military theory. It is important that we intensify strategic and tactical planning, take solid steps to make our military training more oriented toward actual combat, strengthen the systematic integration of combat capabilities, and create new models for building up and applying our fighting capacity. These efforts will enhance our ability to maintain the initiative and shape our posture through targeted operations. 

 

　　54.  Modernizing military governance 

 

　　We should refine the leadership and management institutions and mechanisms in the people’s armed forces and adjust and improve joint operations systems. We need to strengthen and improve strategic management and enhance coordination between military operations, capacity building, and combat preparedness with a stronger focus on operational requirements. New management approaches should be adopted to ensure better performance of the military system and more efficient use of defense resources. 

 

　　We should strengthen consultations and evaluations for major decisions and supervision over major projects. We need to advance budget management reform for military expenditures, refine the military procurement system, and improve the statistical and evaluation systems for military development. The principle of building the armed forces through diligence and thrift must be fully implemented to ensure that military development is efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable. 

 

　　We should continue to improve political conduct, carry forward fine traditions, and enforce stricter discipline to rectify misconduct in key sectors and fields. Further efforts should be made to enhance law-based governance of the military. We should formulate more effective rules and regulations and step up enforcement oversight to improve the Chinese system for law-based administration of military affairs. 

 

　　55. Consolidating and improving integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities 

 

　　We should deepen military-civilian reforms and establish a well-regulated, orderly framework where both sides fulfill their respective functions and work in close concert with each other. We should move faster to develop strategic capabilities in emerging fields and work toward effective integration between new quality productive forces and new combat capabilities so that the development of one helps drive that of the other. 

 

　　We should develop advanced defense-related science, technology, and industry systems, improve planning for these fields, and promote interoperability between military and civilian standards. We should strengthen work on submitting and reporting on defense-related military needs, enhance military-civilian alignment, and ensure that all major infrastructure facilities meet national defense requirements, so that our strategic needs are better fulfilled in advance. 

 

　　We should work faster to develop national defense mobilization capabilities and build up our reserve forces. We should modernize our border, coastal, and air defense and get our Party, government, military, police, and civilians all working together on consolidating our borders and defense. We should raise public awareness of national defense and further strengthen the unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people. 

　　       

XV. Rallying the Whole Party and All Chinese People and Striving to Fulfill the 15th Five-Year Plan 

　　       

　　Upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership is the fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese modernization. We should use the Party’s self-reform to steer social reform and stay committed to strengthening full and rigorous Party self-governance. We should see to it that our Party becomes better at providing political leadership and theoretical guidance, organizing the people, and inspiring society, while also improving its ability to lead China’s economic and social development endeavors. All this will enable us to gather a mighty force for advancing Chinese modernization. 

 

　　56. Upholding and strengthening the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership 

 

　　We should refine the mechanisms through which the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans are carried out so as to ensure cohesion across different levels and effective implementation. We should continue to apply the Party’s new theories to achieve unity in thinking, will, and action. We should develop intraparty democracy and improve and implement democratic centralism to ensure that decision-making is sound, democratic, and law-based. The right approach must be followed in selecting and appointing officials, with political commitment as the primary criterion. We should make sure that officials have a correct understanding of what it means to perform well and act accordingly, and improve the system for assessing their performance. Those who are no longer fit for their posts should be replaced, and ongoing efforts must be made to ensure that officials can be demoted as well as promoted. We should strengthen education and training for officials and temper them through practice, so that they acquire the skills needed to advance modernization. We must be both strict and caring and place equal emphasis on providing incentives and imposing constraints, so as to unleash the internal drive and collective vitality of our officials. 

 

　　We should take coordinated steps to improve primary-level Party organizations in all sectors, strengthen their political and organizational functions, and give full play to Party members’ exemplary role. We should continue to steadfastly implement the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct and resolutely stamp out all forms of misconduct. Consistent and unremitting efforts must be made to keep improving conduct. We should continue to address pointless formalities to lighten the burdens on those working on the ground. We should improve the Party and state oversight systems to tighten regulation and oversight over the allocation and exercise of power. The fight against corruption is always ongoing and requires us to remain sober-minded and steadfast. We must take coordinated steps to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, opportunity, or desire to commit corruption, and see that we have the resolve to keep waging this tough, protracted, and all-out battle. We must also work to develop a political atmosphere of integrity. 

 

　　57. Advancing socialist democracy and rule of law 

 

　　We must remain firmly committed to the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics. We should uphold the unity between leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance, develop whole-process people’s democracy, and promote socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. The system of people’s congresses must be upheld, improved, and implemented to good effect, so as to ensure that state institutions exercise powers and perform duties in accordance with the law, and that people’s democratic rights and other legitimate rights and interests are protected and guaranteed. The system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation should also be upheld and improved. We must give play to the role of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference as a specialized consultative body and strengthen coordination between the various channels of consultation to promote extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy. 

 

　　We should enhance democracy at the primary level and ensure that the people manage public affairs and run public-interest programs in local communities in accordance with the law. We should improve the working mechanisms for drawing on public opinion and pooling the wisdom of the people. The roles of people’s organizations, such as trade unions, Chinese Communist Youth League organizations, and women’s federations, should be brought into better play, and stronger policy support should be provided to build up the ranks of industrial workers, promote youth development, and advance the cause of women and children. We must promote all-around advancement of human rights. 

 

　　We should refine our approach to building a broad united front with the aim of consolidating and developing the broadest possible patriotic united front. A stronger sense of community for the Chinese nation should be forged, and the community of the Chinese nation should be further developed. We must ensure that religions in China are Chinese in orientation and strengthen law-based governance of religious affairs. We should fully implement the Party’s policy on overseas Chinese affairs to pool the support and strength of Chinese nationals residing abroad. 

 

　　We must advance law-based governance on all fronts. We should make coordinated efforts to promote sound legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and observance of the law by all. We should step up efforts to implement the Constitution and laws and to oversee compliance with them, while also refining the institutions and mechanisms for upholding unity in the rule of law. We should strengthen legislative planning and thoroughly review legislative work to deliver higher-quality legislation. We should strive to build a law-based government, ensure full implementation of the filing and review system for administrative normative documents, and improve the mechanisms for facilitating the substantive resolution of administrative disputes. 

 

　　We should further develop the digital platforms for judicial and law enforcement work to strengthen collaboration and oversight across different departments. We should better regulate the exercise of judicial power, refine the systems through which judicial justice is delivered and evaluated, and do more to ensure the fairness, consistency, and authority of judicial decisions. Procuratorial bodies should conduct stronger supervision and step up their efforts in the sphere of public-interest litigation. We must protect people’s personal rights, property rights, and personality rights as mandated by law. Long-term mechanisms for regulating enterprise-related law enforcement should be refined, and steps must be taken to both prevent and rectify unauthorized cross-jurisdictional and profit-driven law enforcement. We should improve the national law enforcement system and effectively resolve difficulties in enforcing rulings. 

 

　　We should work faster to improve the system and capacity for ensuring the rule of law in foreign affairs. Mediation, arbitration, and litigation mechanisms for international commercial disputes should also be improved. Stricter oversight and inspection should be conducted to ensure that leading officials act in accordance with the law, and the mechanism for comprehensively assessing the implementation of the rule of law should be refined. We should continue to build a law-based society and foster a favorable environment for ensuring that the rule of law is upheld, rules are observed, contracts are honored, and justice is safeguarded throughout society. 

 

　　58. Promoting long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao 

 

　　We must resolutely implement the policy of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We should see that Hong Kong and Macao are administered by patriots, ensure that both special administrative regions are more effectively governed in accordance with the law, and promote their economic and social development. We should support Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating into and contributing to the country’s overall development. Cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao in economic and trade affairs, science and technology, culture, and other fields should be strengthened, and policies and measures should be improved to make it more convenient for people from the two regions to develop careers and live on the mainland. 

 

　　Hong Kong and Macao have the backing of the motherland and maintain close connection with the rest of the world. These unique strengths and important roles should be further leveraged. We should consolidate and enhance Hong Kong’s status as an international financial, shipping, and trade center and support it in developing into an international innovation and technology center. We should support Macao’s efforts to appropriately diversify its economic development and better play its roles as a world tourism and leisure center, a service platform for commercial and trade cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and an exchange and cooperation center where mainstream Chinese culture and diverse cultures coexist. In addition, we should support Hong Kong and Macao in building themselves into international hubs for high-caliber talent. 

 

　　59. Promoting the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and advancing the cause of national reunification 

 

　　We must fully implement our Party’s overall policy for the new era on resolving the Taiwan question, resolutely fight against separatist forces aimed at “Taiwan independence,” oppose external interference, safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, and firmly maintain the initiative and the ability to steer in cross-Strait relations. Exchanges and cooperation across the Strait should be deepened and people on both sides should work together to preserve and carry forward Chinese culture. We should pursue high-quality progress in building the demonstration zone for integrated cross-Strait development, as we work to strengthen industrial and economic cooperation across the Strait. We should implement policies designed to ensure equal treatment for our Taiwan compatriots, create better conditions for them to study, work, and live on the mainland, and enhance the wellbeing of the Chinese people on both sides of the Strait. 

 

　　60. Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for humanity 

 

　　We should promote an equal and orderly multipolar world and universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, expand our global network of partnerships, and foster a new type of international relations. We should work with neighboring countries to advance integrated development, strengthen common security, consolidate strategic mutual trust, and build a community with a shared future among neighboring countries. We should maintain overall stability in major-country relations and deepen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. We should act on the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative and work to guide the development of the international order in a more just and equitable direction. 

 

　　We should support the Global South in building strength through unity, step up aid to other countries, and provide the world with more public goods. We must resolutely oppose all hegemonic, high-handed, and bullying acts, defend international fairness and justice, and safeguard the common interests of people around the world. We should champion the common values of all humanity, promote the building of an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity, and deliver China’s contribution to building a community with a shared future for humanity. 

 

　　61. Mobilizing the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of the whole society to advance Chinese modernization 

 

　　National and local 15th five-year plans and sector-specific plans will be formulated on the basis of the guiding principles from this plenary session to form a unified, well-aligned national planning system featuring clearly defined targets, clear boundaries, and complementary functions. We should improve the monitoring, evaluation, and oversight of the implementation of these plans and refine mechanisms for policy coordination and work collaboration, to ensure that the Party Central Committee’s decisions and plans are fully implemented. 

 

　　Based on the principle of respecting work, knowledge, talent, and creativity, we should harness the drive, enterprise, innovation, and ingenuity of our whole society, and foster a vibrant environment where all our people can realize their full potential, put talents to best use, and press ahead with one heart and one mind. 

 

　　Let the whole Party, the entire military, and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. Let us work hard together toward the goal of basically realizing socialist modernization. Let us continue to break new ground in our endeavors to build a great country and advance national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. 

　　  

　　  

　　  

　　[1] The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan is to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement. The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to build a modern socialist country, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance. 

　　[2] We must stay committed to unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the nonpublic sector.